Character Formation In Light of Religious Influences: A Comparative Descriptive-Analytical Study between Ibn Khaldun's Theory of Umran and Arab Society In the Digital Age

Abstract

This research examines the influence of religious factors on character formation through a comparative analytical lens, bridging Ibn Khaldun's historical "Theory of Umran" and the contemporary Arab society in the digital age. The study aims to uncover the points of convergence and divergence between these two models, analyzing the underlying causes and proposing a balanced vision for religious influence in the modern era. The researcher employed a comparative descriptive-analytical methodology, involving a deep dive into Khaldunian thought—specifically the concepts of "Asabiyyah" and the cyclical nature of civilizations—alongside modern psychological and sociological theories such as Social Identity Theory (SIT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The findings indicate that while the value-oriented role of religion remains a persistent cornerstone in character formation, there has been a profound structural transformation in its mechanisms due to the digital revolution. Ibn Khaldun’s view of religion as the "deepest part of the human personality" and a catalyst for social cohesion (Asabiyyah) is now being re-contextualized into "Digital Asabiyyah," where virtual religious communities and social media platforms create new patterns of interaction. However, this digital shift brings significant challenges, including identity fragmentation, the emergence of distorted virtual identities, and a digital divide that may lead to religious identity crises. The study concludes by emphasizing the necessity of a balanced pedagogical approach that harmonizes traditional authenticity with technological modernity to preserve the integrity of the Arab personality in a globalized world.