Comprehensive Journal of Humanities and Educational Studies
type: channel
description: The Comprehensive Journal of Humanities and Educational Studies (CJHES) ISSN: (3105-9481) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Academic University in Libya. With a commitment to advancing knowledge, CJHES publishes four issues annually, covering a wide range of topics within the humanities and educational sciences. Our Vision To be a leading platform for high-quality research that contributes to the understanding and development of the humanities and educational fields. Our Mission To provide a rigorous and accessible venue for scholars to publish original research, fostering intellectual exchange and collaboration. Our Objectives To publish cutting-edge research across all sub-disciplines of the humanities and educational sciences. To promote open-access scholarly publishing. To uphold the highest standards of academic integrity and peer review. For more information, you can visit the journal's website at or contact the editor at editor@cjhes.com.ly. You can also reach them via WhatsApp at +218925574772.
publisher: Academic University
language: en
publication name: Comprehensive Journal of Humanities and Educational Studies
issn: 3105-9481
items: The Impact of Electronic Project Management Applications on Project Delivery Time: A Field Study on Construction Projects in Az-Zawiya Municipality
items: Developing Methodologies through Integrating Insights from Various Fields of Humanities and Social Sciences: A Field Research Study from an Academic Perspective
items: The Problematic of Implementing International Criminal Court Arrest Warrants Against Heads of State
items: The Foreign Trade Relations of the Regency of Tripoli with the Italian City-States during the Karamanli Era (1711–1835 AD)
items: The Impact of Trans-Saharan Trade Caravan Routes on the Economic System of Morocco and Al-Andalus During the Middle Ages: A Descriptive and Analytical Study
items: Civil Society Organizations and Their Role in Volunteer Work: The Libyan Red Crescent Society, Tobruk Branch as a Model
items: The Slave Trade in Africa: Historical Dimensions, Geographical Discoveries, and International Abolition Efforts
items: The Role of Political Discourse in Shaping Public Opinion: An Analytical Study of Persuasive Strategies and Influence Mechanisms
items: Inclusion Management and its Impact on Quality of Work Life: A Field Study at Sabratha Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Center
items: The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Trends Toward Conspicuous Consumption Among Female University Students
items: The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship Between Digital Addiction and Identity Formation Among Adolescents
items: Classroom Interaction in English Language Learning: Perspectives of Libyan Secondary School Students and Teachers
items: The Impact of Using Digital Storytelling on Enhancing English Vocabulary Acquisition: A Case Study at Al-Nahda School in Maslata, Libya
items: The Relationship Between Cyberbullying and Self-Esteem Among Adolescents in Some Schools of Tripoli
items: The Role of Cognitive Processes in Modifying Human Behavior: A Theoretical Study and Practical Applications
items: The Status and Rights of Women Across Human Civilizations and Divine Laws: A Comparative Historical-Analytical Study
items: The Role of Strategic Leadership in Enhancing Total Quality Culture: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Management and Entrepreneurial Orientation
items: https://cjhes.com.ly/index.php/cjhes/en/article/view/153
items: The Digital Divide and Social Inequality in Distance Education
items: Extent of commitment of commercial banks to Apply regulatory procedures on Money laundering:A field study on Libyan commercial banks in the city of Al Kufra
items: The Impact of National Identity on Building the Modern State: Libya Post-2011 as a Case Study
items: The Joinder of the Request to Suspend the Implementation of an Administrative Decision with the Annulment Action (In Light of Libyan Law)
items: Monitoring Mathematics Learning Difficulties among Pupils of the First Three Grades from the Perspective of Mathematics Teachers in Gharyan City
items: Sports competition and its relationship to consolidating national identity values among physical education and sports science students at the University of Tripoli
items: The Dialectics of Literature and Society in Shaban Abdel Hakim's Novelistic Achievement: A Descriptive Analytical Study
items: Science of Quranic Orthography: Its Origins and a Refutation of Orientalist Misconceptions
items: The reality of academic advising and its obstacles at the Faculty of Education, University of Benghazi, from the students' perspective in light of some variables
items: Reflections of Sustainable Development on the Social Structure of Libyan Society
items: The Relationship Between Electronic Gaming Addiction, Sleep Disorders, and Social Anxiety Among High School Students
items: Administrative Compulsory Execution as a Means of Protecting Public Funds

The Impact of Electronic Project Management Applications on Project Delivery Time: A Field Study on Construction Projects in Az-Zawiya Municipality
type: item
description: This research aimed to analyze the impact of electronic project management applications on the delivery time of construction projects. The research employed a quantitative approach, utilizing a field study of 30 construction projects in the municipality of Az-Zawiya. It focused on three main categories of electronic applications: scheduling and time monitoring applications, integrated management applications, and analysis and reporting applications. The results showed a strong positive correlation between the use of scheduling applications (such as Primavera) and the on-time project delivery rate (correlation coefficient = 0.72), with these applications explaining approximately 52% of the variance in timeliness. The results also indicated that integrated management applications (such as Odoo and Oracle ERP) explained 46% of the variance in timeliness (correlation coefficient = 0.68), reflecting their direct impact on improving organizational integration and resource efficiency. Analysis and reporting applications (such as Power BI and Tableau) showed a moderate correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.61), explaining 37% of the variance in timeliness, thus highlighting their role in enhancing transparency and monitoring despite their limited adoption. Based on the findings, the research recommended strengthening supportive policies, expanding academic and vocational training programs, and integrating digital management tools to achieve comprehensive digital transformation and ensure timely, efficient, and sustainable project delivery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Management
  topic: keywords
subject: electronic
  topic: keywords
subject: delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: applications
  topic: keywords
subject: projects
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Abusef
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 973
ending page: 982
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.171

Developing Methodologies through Integrating Insights from Various Fields of Humanities and Social Sciences: A Field Research Study from an Academic Perspective
type: item
description: The study aims to identify the factors that affect the integration and development of curricula; Monitoring the problems facing the human and social sciences, and demonstrating the importance of cognitive integration between the human and social sciences and other specializations, for the sake of human advancement. And get to know Also on innovative strategies that can be applied in integrating and developing curricula. The importance of the study is highlighted by shedding more scientific light, which makes the vision clearer, regarding the work of academic experts on developing methodologies, by integrating ideas from various fields. Humanities and social sciences. The study starts from the questions: What are the factors that affect the integration and development of curricula? What problems do the human and social sciences suffer from? What are the methods of cognitive integration between the humanities, social sciences, and other disciplines, for the sake of Human advancement? What innovative strategies can be applied in integrating and developing curricula? The two researchers relied on the use of the descriptive analytical method, the questionnaire form tool, and a random sample of (280) individual faculty members in the faculties of arts and education in Libyan universities, which were analyzed using the statistical method represented by frequencies, percentages, and arithmetic average. The study reached a number of results, perhaps the most important of which are: 1. It revealed the presence of a group of factors that affect the integration and development of curricula. 2. The study showed that there are many problems that the human and social sciences suffer from. 3. I showed that cognitive integration between the humanities, social sciences, and other specializations is very important for the advancement of humans and society. 4. The study emphasized the proposal of a set of innovative strategies, which it believes should be applied in integrating and dev…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: methodologies
  topic: keywords
subject: integrating ideas
  topic: keywords
subject: human sciences
  topic: keywords
subject: Social sciences
  topic: keywords
subject: problems
  topic: keywords
subject: strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Salma Abdullah Hamad Hamid
creator: Jameelah Abdulhadi Alsunousi Abdulrahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
starting page: 952
ending page: 972
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.170

The Problematic of Implementing International Criminal Court Arrest Warrants Against Heads of State
type: item
description: This research aims to root the legal basis for the accountability of heads of state before international criminal justice, while deconstructing the procedural and practical challenges that hinder the enforcement of arrest warrants issued by the International Criminal Court (ICC). The study focuses on the normative conflict between the principle of "irrelevance of official capacity" under Article 27 of the Rome Statute and the established rules of sovereign immunity in customary international law, as well as the resulting contradiction in the obligations of States Parties. Utilizing a comparative analytical approach, the research examines the impact of UN Security Council referrals and the role of the principle of complementarity in shielding leaders from prosecution. The study concludes that the effectiveness of international justice remains contingent upon the political will of states due to the ICC's lack of enforcement power. Consequently, it is imperative to develop procedural mechanisms that ensure the primacy of international criminal prosecution over traditional immunities to end the era of impunity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: International Criminal Court
  topic: keywords
subject: Sovereign Immunity
  topic: keywords
subject: Rome Statute
  topic: keywords
subject: Arrest Warrants
  topic: keywords
subject: Security Council
  topic: keywords
subject: Complementarity
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Hamid Ahmed Daw Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
starting page: 938
ending page: 951
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.169

The Foreign Trade Relations of the Regency of Tripoli with the Italian City-States during the Karamanli Era (1711–1835 AD)
type: item
description: This study examines the foreign trade relations between the Regency of Tripoli and the Italian city-states during the Karamanli era (1711–1835). The research highlights the strategic importance of Tripoli’s geographical location as a commercial hub connecting sub-Saharan Africa with European markets. It analyzes the diplomatic and legal frameworks, such as trade agreements and concessions, that governed interactions with states like Venice, Livorno, Genoa, Sardinia, and Naples. The findings indicate that salt was a primary export, especially to Venice, alongside livestock, ostrich feathers, and agricultural products. In return, Tripoli imported industrial goods, textiles, and minerals. The study concludes that while the Karamanli rulers maintained tight control over trade through taxation and regulations, these relations fostered continuous economic and cultural exchange despite periods of political tension and naval conflict.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Foreign Trade
  topic: keywords
subject: Karamanli Era
  topic: keywords
subject: Regency of Tripoli
  topic: keywords
subject: Italian City-states
  topic: keywords
subject: Commercial Concessions
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed Asreeti Sgateeb Salem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
starting page: 922
ending page: 937
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.168

The Impact of Trans-Saharan Trade Caravan Routes on the Economic System of Morocco and Al-Andalus During the Middle Ages: A Descriptive and Analytical Study
type: item
description: This research investigates the historical significance of trans-Saharan caravan trade routes and their profound impact on the economic landscapes of Morocco and Al-Andalus during the Middle Ages. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the economic, social, cultural, and political dimensions of these caravans, which served as a vital artery connecting West Africa with North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. By employing a descriptive and analytical methodology, the research explores the primary tracks—Western, Central, and Eastern—and identifies the geographical factors, such as terrain and climate, that dictated their formation. The investigation highlights the diversity of traded goods, including gold, salt, ivory, and luxury items, emphasizing how these commodities fueled local industries, supported domestic markets, and strengthened regional wealth. Furthermore, the paper examines the sophisticated social and economic organization of the caravans, led by experienced commanders and protected by armed guards, which ensured security and operational efficiency. The findings demonstrate that the caravan network was not merely an economic mechanism but a powerful tool for cultural exchange, the spread of Islam, and political integration between the Maghreb, Al-Andalus, and the Sudanese regions. The study concludes that the continuous evolution of these routes in response to political and economic shifts maintained the sustainability of regional trade and shaped the historical identity of the connected societies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Trans-Saharan Trade
  topic: keywords
subject: Caravan Routes
  topic: keywords
subject: Morocco and Al-Andalus
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic History
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Exchange
  topic: keywords
subject: Medieval Trade
  topic: keywords
creator: Salem Juma Ighreibel Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
starting page: 912
ending page: 921
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.167

Civil Society Organizations and Their Role in Volunteer Work: The Libyan Red Crescent Society, Tobruk Branch as a Model
type: item
description: This study aimed to identify the role of the Libyan Red Crescent Society (Tobruk Branch) in voluntary work, investigate the challenges it faces, and suggest measures to overcome these obstacles. To achieve these objectives, the researchers employed a descriptive-analytical methodology, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The study was conducted on a purposive sample of (100) members of the society in Tobruk. Statistical analysis was performed using frequencies and percentages to interpret the data. The results indicated that the society plays a significant role in providing humanitarian and relief services, particularly during crises and disasters, and contributes effectively to spreading the culture of volunteering among the local community. However, several challenges were identified, including limited financial resources, a lack of specialized training programs for volunteers, and administrative difficulties. Based on these findings, the study proposed several recommendations, most notably: securing sustainable financial funding through partnerships with the private sector, developing advanced training modules to enhance volunteers' technical skills, and improving the administrative structure to ensure better coordination during field operations. The study concludes that while the society's contributions are substantial, institutional support and strategic planning are essential to maximizing its impact in the field of voluntary work.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Civil Societies
  topic: keywords
subject: Voluntary Work
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan Red Crescent
  topic: keywords
subject: Tobruk Branch
  topic: keywords
subject: Humanitarian Services
  topic: keywords
creator: Slima swidek hamed swidek
creator: Ahmed Saleh Abdel Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-15
publication date: 2026-03-15
starting page: 886
ending page: 911
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.166

The Slave Trade in Africa: Historical Dimensions, Geographical Discoveries, and International Abolition Efforts
type: item
description: This study investigates the historical phenomenon of the slave trade in Africa, analyzing its multifaceted dimensions from antiquity to the modern period. It explores the significant impact of geographical discoveries in reorienting trade routes toward the Atlantic, which catalyzed the systematic forced migration of African populations to the Americas under European colonial powers. The research further examines the underlying economic and political catalysts of this trade, alongside the evolution of international legal instruments and treaties aimed at the abolition of slavery. Utilizing a historical and descriptive-analytical approach, the paper seeks to rectify historical narratives surrounding Arab and European participation while addressing the profound socio-economic consequences for the African continent.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Slave Trade
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographical Discoveries
  topic: keywords
subject: Atlantic Trade
  topic: keywords
subject: International Treaties
  topic: keywords
subject: Abolition
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramadan Masoud Khalifa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-15
publication date: 2026-03-15
starting page: 873
ending page: 885
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.165

The Role of Political Discourse in Shaping Public Opinion: An Analytical Study of Persuasive Strategies and Influence Mechanisms
type: item
description: This study seeks to analyze the role of political discourse in shaping public opinion and explore the methods and strategies employed by political actors to influence individuals' beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. The findings reveal that political discourse possesses high persuasive power, stemming from a combination of rhetorical elements, verbal evidence, metaphors, connotations, and puns, while considering the pragmatic context and the nature of the recipient. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the effectiveness of the discourse is influenced by the sender's ability to establish personal communication, perceive the components of persuasion, and capitalize on audience reactions. The reciprocal relationship between discourse and public opinion shows that the latter is not a static entity but rather a dynamic product of the interaction between political messages and the audience's expectations and ideologies, making it susceptible to shaping and direction, while simultaneously capable of influencing the discourse’s own trajectories. The study emphasizes that political discourse which neglects practical aspects and relies solely on rhetorical embellishments loses its efficacy. Based on these results, the study recommends developing the capabilities of political discourse producers, enhancing the public's critical awareness, and employing integrated linguistic and communicative strategies to achieve a balance between rhetorical appeal and practical content, ensuring a positive impact of public opinion on democratic processes and decision-making.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Political Discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Opinion
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Influence
  topic: keywords
subject: Shaping Public Opinion
  topic: keywords
creator: Rajab Abdulsalam Alkhsah Alzarooq
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-15
publication date: 2026-03-15
starting page: 861
ending page: 872
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.164

Inclusion Management and its Impact on Quality of Work Life: A Field Study at Sabratha Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Center
type: item
description: This study aimed to examine the impact of inclusive management, with its three dimensions (participation in decision-making, organizational justice, and communication and transparency), on the quality of work life among employees at the Heart Surgery and Treatment Center in Sabratha. The study’s significance lies in the pivotal role of inclusive management in creating a supportive work environment that enhances employee satisfaction and organizational commitment, particularly in specialized healthcare institutions that require high levels of accuracy, efficiency, and sustainable performance. The study adopted both descriptive and analytical approaches. The descriptive approach addressed the theoretical framework and relevant literature, while the analytical approach focused on the field data collected from a population of 612 employees. Due to the large size of the population, a simple random sampling method was employed, with 236 questionnaires distributed and 201 valid responses retrieved for analysis, representing 85.2% of the predetermined sample size according to Krejcie & Morgan. The questionnaire was specifically designed to measure the effect of inclusive management on the quality of work life and was analyzed statistically using SPSS. The findings indicated that the level of inclusive management practices was below average, with notable weaknesses in participation in decision-making, implementation of organizational justice, and effectiveness of communication channels, while information flow recorded relatively higher mean scores. The results also revealed a low level of quality of work life, reflected in limited recognition, insufficient managerial support, and difficulties in achieving work-life balance. Regression analysis confirmed a positive and statistically significant effect of inclusive management on quality of work life (R=0.789, Sig=0.000). The study recommends adopting clear policies to enhance inclusive management practices, thereby improving t…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Inclusion Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of Work Life
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Sabratha Cardiology Center
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Amer M. Abdulla Al-Hamody
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
starting page: 843
ending page: 860
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.163

The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Trends Toward Conspicuous Consumption Among Female University Students
type: item
description: The study aimed to reveal the relationship between social media use among university students and their attitudes toward conspicuous consumption. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical method was employed, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. The sample consisted of 190 female students from Sirte University, selected through a simple random sampling method. The results indicated that the level of social media usage among the students was higher than the average, with daily use being common, particularly for educational purposes. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that social media does not exert a significant impact on the students' outward behavior, as their engagement with these platforms tends to be conscious and practical rather than being driven by appearances or imitation. Despite this practical orientation, the statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship at the significance level (0.00) between social media usage and girls' attitudes toward conspicuous consumption. Additionally, the study found statistically significant differences in these attitudes attributable to variables such as the specific college and social status. The study concludes by recommending the enhancement of digital awareness among students regarding promotional and appearance-based content, while encouraging the utilization of social platforms to support academic learning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social media
  topic: keywords
subject: Attitudes
  topic: keywords
subject: University Girl
  topic: keywords
subject: Conspicuous Consumption
  topic: keywords
creator: Salma Masoud Moussa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
starting page: 823
ending page: 842
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.162

The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship Between Digital Addiction and Identity Formation Among Adolescents
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the relationship between digital addiction and emotional development during adolescence, highlighting the psychological and social implications of excessive digital use. Digital addiction is defined as a compulsive reliance on the digital environment, leading to emotional imbalances, impaired emotion regulation, affected self-esteem, and difficulties in forming a balanced psychological identity. The research examines various factors influencing digital addiction, including personal traits like anxiety and the need for social acceptance, as well as environmental factors such as parental supervision and digital accessibility. Theoretical findings indicate that digital addiction results in multifaceted impacts on emotional growth, including heightened levels of stress and anxiety, diminished empathy and emotional understanding of others, reduced social problem-solving skills, and a decline in the quality of real-world interpersonal relationships. The study concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at promoting digital literacy and emotional resilience among adolescents to mitigate the negative effects of the digital age on their psychological well-being.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescence
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotion Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Identity
  topic: keywords
creator: Asmaa Amhimmid Younus
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
starting page: 810
ending page: 822
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.161

Classroom Interaction in English Language Learning: Perspectives of Libyan Secondary School Students and Teachers
type: item
description: This study investigates the dynamics of classroom interaction in Libyan secondary school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. It specifically examines students' perceptions, the obstacles hindering their participation, and the strategies employed by teachers to foster engagement. Adopting a mixed-methods research design, data were collected through an online questionnaire administered to 100 students and semi-structured interviews with three experienced female teachers. The quantitative findings revealed that students highly favor interactive techniques, particularly pair and group work (44.9%) and discussion activities (35.7%), which provide a non-threatening environment for language practice. However, significant barriers to effective interaction were identified, including a lack of student motivation, shyness (39.1%), fear of mispronunciation (32.6%), and low self-confidence (27.1%). Contextual factors such as large class sizes and mixed-ability groups also pose substantial challenges. Qualitative insights from teacher interviews emphasized the importance of creating a supportive classroom atmosphere. Teachers reported using various pedagogical interventions, such as modeled talk, selective use of Arabic translation to clarify complex concepts, and implementing "wait-time" to allow students to process information. The study concludes that while communicative approaches are officially adopted in Libya, traditional teacher-centered methods still persist due to psychological and environmental constraints. To enhance communicative competence, it is recommended that teachers provide more opportunities for student autonomy, utilize collaborative learning structures, and receive training in addressing individual learner differences and pronunciation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: classroom interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: students' obstacles
  topic: keywords
subject: teachers' teaching strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: EFL
  topic: keywords
subject: Libya
  topic: keywords
creator: Senussi Orafi
creator: Marwa Adel Ali Abdul qadir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
starting page: 782
ending page: 809
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.159

The Impact of Using Digital Storytelling on Enhancing English Vocabulary Acquisition: A Case Study at Al-Nahda School in Maslata, Libya
type: item
description: Digital storytelling is an innovative pedagogical approach that enhances vocabulary acquisition among young learners. This study examined the impact of using digital storytelling on enhancing English Vocabulary Acquisition mastery through quantitative methods, which are particularly suitable for learners acquiring a second or third language. The research was conducted at Al Nahda School in Maslata, Libya, involving a sample of 30 sixth-grade students. The participants, selected from a middle achievement group with similar learning abilities, were divided into an experimental group and a control group. While both groups initially received traditional instruction, the experimental group subsequently engaged with digital storytelling as an intervention, while the control group continued with traditional methods. Data were collected via pre- and post-tests and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The findings reveal that students who learned through digital storytelling achieved significantly higher vocabulary acquisition and demonstrated superior retention compared to the control group. The mean score of the experimental group rose from 52% in the pre-test to 71% in the post-test. Furthermore, the intervention fostered an interactive learning environment that reduced speaking anxiety and increased student motivation, engagement, and creativity. Students also showed measurable improvements in contextual vocabulary usage, grammatical accuracy, and pronunciation. The results conclude that digital storytelling is an effective and enjoyable approach for enhancing vocabulary and speaking skills in EFL classrooms within the Libyan context.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Storytelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Vocabulary Acquisition
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary School
  topic: keywords
subject: EFL
  topic: keywords
creator: Sana Abdullah Meelad Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
starting page: 768
ending page: 781
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.158

The Relationship Between Cyberbullying and Self-Esteem Among Adolescents in Some Schools of Tripoli
type: item
description: This research investigates the relationship between cyberbullying and self-esteem among adolescents in secondary schools in Tripoli, Libya. Following the digital surge in Libyan society, cyberbullying has emerged as a destructive tool affecting the psychological well-being of youth. Using a descriptive-correlational methodology, the study surveyed a stratified random sample of 400 students (200 males, 200 females) from three major schools. Data collection utilized the Cyberbullying Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Statistical analysis via SPSS v.26 revealed a high prevalence of cyberbullying (78.4%) and low general self-esteem (43%). A strong statistically significant inverse correlation (r = -0.78) was found, indicating that increased exposure to digital harassment drastically reduces self-worth. "Digital exclusion" was identified as the most frequent pattern of bullying. Results also showed significant gender differences; females reported higher exposure to bullying and lower self-esteem compared to males, attributed to social stigma and cultural sensitivities. The study concludes that cyberbullying acts as a "psychological demolition tool," necessitating urgent school-based interventions. It recommends integrating digital citizenship into curricula and enhancing psychological resilience programs to protect the "digital self" of adolescents in the Libyan educational environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cyberbullying
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Esteem
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescents
  topic: keywords
subject: Tripoli Schools
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Citizenship
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Resilience
  topic: keywords
creator: Najat Ahmed Abu Saida
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 754
ending page: 767
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.157

The Role of Cognitive Processes in Modifying Human Behavior: A Theoretical Study and Practical Applications
type: item
description: This research paper investigates the pivotal role of cognitive processes in modifying human behavior, grounded in the premise that behavior is not merely a reflexive response to environmental stimuli but a product of complex internal mental operations. The study aims to analyze how cognitive mechanisms such as cognitive restructuring, self-talk, problem-solving, and self-efficacy contribute to replacing maladaptive behaviors with positive, adaptive ones. By adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the research explores the theoretical foundations of the cognitive-behavioral perspective, highlighting the contributions of key figures like Aaron Beck and Albert Bandura. The findings demonstrate that cognitive processes serve as the primary mediating variables in behavioral change, where restructuring cognitive schemas leads to fundamental shifts in emotional and behavioral responses. Furthermore, the study illustrates the practical applications of these processes across various domains, including clinical therapy, education, and professional environments. The results emphasize that developing metacognitive awareness and enhancing self-efficacy are essential for ensuring the sustainability and permanence of behavioral modification. The paper concludes that investing in the mental infrastructure by correcting irrational beliefs and promoting logical thinking provides the most effective framework for improving individual quality of life and achieving social and psychological adaptation in a rapidly changing world.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cognitive Processes
  topic: keywords
subject: Behavior Modification
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Restructuring
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-talk
  topic: keywords
subject: Problem Solving
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Metacognition
  topic: keywords
subject: Personal Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Practical Applications
  topic: keywords
creator: Suad Ahmed Ali Alghair
creator: Laila Mohammed Akteibi
creator: Ahlam Mohmmaed Al-jarai
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 742
ending page: 753
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.156

The Status and Rights of Women Across Human Civilizations and Divine Laws: A Comparative Historical-Analytical Study
type: item
description: This study aims to trace the historical development and the legal and social status of women across a range of human civilizations and divine laws, in order to understand the context in which their rights were formed. The research reviews the variation in the treatment of women among Near Eastern civilizations, such as Egyptian and Babylonian, and Far Eastern civilizations, such as Indian and Chinese, reaching Western civilizations like Greek and Roman. It is observed that women's status fluctuated between sanctification and leadership, and between inferiority and marginalization as a heritable commodity. The study employs the historical method to monitor chronological development, the descriptive-analytical method to examine legal and religious texts, and the comparative method to highlight the fundamental differences between man-made systems and divine laws. The second part of the research focuses on the role of Judaism, Christianity, and especially Islamic law, in initiating a rights revolution that restored women’s full legal capacity, prohibited infanticide, and established their rights to ownership, inheritance, education, and political participation. The study concludes that the true justice for women was not a product of historical coincidence but the result of sublime divine legislation that guaranteed their human dignity and regulated their relationship with men on the basis of integration rather than conflict.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Women's status
  topic: keywords
subject: Women's rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Human civilizations
  topic: keywords
subject: Divine laws
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative historical study
  topic: keywords
creator: Aman Ahmed Almutturdy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 728
ending page: 741
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.155

The Role of Strategic Leadership in Enhancing Total Quality Culture: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Management and Entrepreneurial Orientation
type: item
description: This study examines the impact of strategic leadership on enhancing a comprehensive quality culture within the Jordanian telecommunications sector, while exploring the mediating roles of knowledge management and entrepreneurial orientation. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected from 412 middle and top-level managers through a 52-item questionnaire. Analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via SmartPLS4. The results revealed a significant direct effect of strategic leadership on quality culture (β=0.29, p<0.001). Furthermore, significant indirect effects were confirmed through the mediation of knowledge management (β=0.19, p<0.001) and entrepreneurial orientation (β=0.14, p<0.01). These findings indicate that the relationship is partially indirect, suggesting that leaders foster quality culture by establishing robust knowledge systems and encouraging innovative, proactive behaviors. The study contributes to bridging the knowledge gap regarding leadership mechanisms and offers an explanatory model for organizations to design leadership development programs aimed at cultural transformation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Strategic Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Comprehensive Quality Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurial Orientation
  topic: keywords
subject: Structural Equation Modeling
  topic: keywords
creator: Salah Ahmed Yousuf Salim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-04
publication date: 2026-03-04
starting page: 707
ending page: 727
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.154

https://cjhes.com.ly/index.php/cjhes/en/article/view/153
type: item
title: The Legal Standards, Rules, and Requirements for the Examination and Verification of Documents in Documentary Credits (An Analytical Study) In Light of the Libyan Law and the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600, 2007) and the International Standard Banking Practice (ISBP No. 745, 2013)
description: The system of documentary credits is considered an effective factor in the prosperity of economic activities, particularly at the international level, due to its significant role in instilling confidence between the parties to international commercial contracts, as well as among the broader circles of global trade participants. This importance arises from the fact that the parties involved in commercial transactions are often geographically distant and unfamiliar with each other. Consequently, this financial instrument has created—or restored—the much-needed trust between the exporter and the importer, thanks to the intermediary role played by commercial banks as safe and reliable entities that guarantee the proper execution of international sales contracts and protect the rights of both parties. Accordingly, documentary credits have become a desirable and widely accepted means of payment and credit within the international trade environment. Hence, this study aims to clarify the mechanism of the documentary credit contract by identifying the legal standards, rules, and requirements that commercial banks must adhere to when examining, verifying, and scrutinizing the documents related to the letter of credit. The importance of these documents stems from the fact that banks do not deal directly with the goods or commodities underlying the primary contract between the seller and buyer but rather operate on the basis of the legal documents specified by the applicant in the credit opening agreement. These documents must be presented by the beneficiary to the issuing bank when requesting the disbursement of the credit amount. Thus, the significance of the documentary credit documents and their pivotal role in executing the credit contract between the issuing bank and the beneficiary become evident. The bank bears the duty and obligation to examine and verify these documents in accordance with the legal standards, rules, and conditions established by the Uniform Customs an…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Credit
  topic: keywords
subject: Examination
  topic: keywords
subject: Conformity
  topic: keywords
subject: Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Jamal Omran Almabrok Agneah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-04
publication date: 2026-03-04
starting page: 674
ending page: 706
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.153

The Digital Divide and Social Inequality in Distance Education
type: item
description: The rapid transition to distance education, accelerated by global health crises and technological advancements, has brought the "digital divide" to the forefront of sociological discourse. This research explores how existing social inequalities are mirrored and magnified within the digital learning environment. Drawing on sociological theories of capital—specifically Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of cultural and social capital—this paper investigates the multifaceted nature of the digital divide, which extends beyond mere physical access to hardware and high-speed internet. It encompasses "digital literacy" and the "usage gap," where students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds leverage technology for academic enrichment, while disadvantaged students face systemic barriers. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology to synthesize data on how variables such as household income, parental education, and geographic location dictate educational outcomes. Findings suggest that distance education, while offering flexibility, often acts as a mechanism for reproducing social stratification rather than a tool for democratization. Students in marginalized communities suffer from a lack of "technological habitus," leading to lower engagement and higher dropout rates. The paper concludes that bridging the digital divide requires more than infrastructural investment; it necessitates a holistic policy approach that addresses the underlying social determinants of digital exclusion.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Divide
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Distance Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Sociocultural Capital
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Stratification
  topic: keywords
creator: Hakma Masoud Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-01
publication date: 2026-03-01
starting page: 665
ending page: 673
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.152

Extent of commitment of commercial banks to Apply regulatory procedures on Money laundering:A field study on Libyan commercial banks in the city of Al Kufra
type: item
description: This study investigates the extent of commitment by Libyan commercial banks in the city of Al Kufra to implementing regulatory procedures for anti-money laundering. Given the global rise in financial crimes and their severe economic and social impacts, the research emphasizes the critical role of the banking sector in detecting and preventing such activities. To achieve its objectives, the study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a comprehensive survey of all employees in the targeted bank branches. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to 53 individuals, covering three main dimensions: identification of customers and beneficial owners, adherence to guiding indicators for suspicious transactions, and compliance with international standards such as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The findings revealed a high level of commitment across all dimensions; specifically, banks demonstrated a very high commitment to identifying the true identity of account holders and a high degree of vigilance regarding transactions inconsistent with a customer's known activity. Statistical analysis confirmed the rejection of null hypotheses, indicating significant compliance with both local and international anti-money laundering protocols. Based on these results, the study recommends enhancing legal protections for bank employees who report suspicious activities to ensure a safer reporting environment. It also suggests continuous capacity building through specialized training programs to keep pace with evolving money laundering techniques and the integration of artificial intelligence in financial monitoring.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Money Laundering
  topic: keywords
subject: Control Procedures
  topic: keywords
subject: Commercial Banks
  topic: keywords
subject: Al Kufra
  topic: keywords
subject: FATF Standards
  topic: keywords
creator: Saleh Mohammed Saleh Bouzrig
creator: Salah Mohammed Abdulati Zarara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 643
ending page: 664
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.151

The Impact of National Identity on Building the Modern State: Libya Post-2011 as a Case Study
type: item
description: This study addresses a topic of paramount importance, as it represents one of the fundamental pillars in building the modern Libyan state, namely the impact of national identity on modern state-building in Libya. The study originated from a primary research question: "To what extent (and how) has national identity influenced the building of the Libyan state following the events of 2011, and what are the means to strengthen national identity in a way that contributes to modern state-building?" The study employed the descriptive-analytical approach as its primary research methodology to answer the main research question and its sub-questions. It aimed to highlight a future vision for constructing a Libyan identity and to counter regionalism, tribalism, provincialism, and various ideologies, as these are factors that undermine Libyan identity. The study was divided into several key themes, most notably the impact of the identity crisis on the process of building the modern Libyan state post-2011. The study reached several significant results, including: the necessity of engaging in a comprehensive national dialogue among all parties and components in Libya to reach a consensus on a unified concept of national identity, which would serve as a foundation for establishing a constitution to facilitate the democratic transition and resolve the current political complexities. Furthermore, a key finding emphasizes that the tribe should be a fundamental supporter of modern state-building rather than a tool for justifying violence, exclusion, or securing privileges for its members. It is essential to apply the law to all segments of society without exception or discrimination based on tribe or sect, ensuring that everyone feels protected under the umbrella of the law rather than the tribe, which will strengthen national identity. Additionally, the failure to consolidate Libyan identity within educational curricula has contributed to its erosion and the emergence of sub-identiti…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: National Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: State-Building
  topic: keywords
subject: The Relationship between Identity and State-Building
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Omar Ali Alwrfali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 627
ending page: 642
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.150

The Joinder of the Request to Suspend the Implementation of an Administrative Decision with the Annulment Action (In Light of Libyan Law)
type: item
description: The suspension of the implementation of an administrative decision is considered a significant exception to the general principle of the "presumption of legality," which stipulates those administrative decisions are enforceable once they meet legal requirements. This study focuses on the "joinder requirement," a formal condition mandated by Libyan legislation in Article 7 of Law No. 88 of 1971. This law strictly requires that a request for suspension must be submitted simultaneously with the annulment action within the same petition. The research explores the rationale behind this procedural necessity, noting that the power to suspend execution is derived from the power of annulment. However, the study highlights a critical debate regarding the "arbitrariness" of this requirement, especially when urgent circumstances justifying a suspension arise only after the initial annulment claim has been filed. Furthermore, the paper examines the judicial evolution regarding "void" or "non-existent" administrative decisions. The Libyan Supreme Court has established that such decisions, characterized by gross illegalities like usurpation of power, are exempt from standard formal constraints. Consequently, the joinder requirement and the sixty-day statute of limitations do not apply to void decisions, allowing for more flexible judicial protection. The study concludes by recommending a legislative amendment to Article 7 to allow for independent suspension requests under specific conditions to better safeguard individual rights against administrative actions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Administrative decision
  topic: keywords
subject: Annulment action
  topic: keywords
subject: Suspension of execution
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan Legislator
  topic: keywords
subject: Void decisions
  topic: keywords
subject: Administrative judiciary
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatma Mohammed Jhima
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
starting page: 614
ending page: 626
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.146

Monitoring Mathematics Learning Difficulties among Pupils of the First Three Grades from the Perspective of Mathematics Teachers in Gharyan City
type: item
description: This research aimed to identify and analyze the most common mathematics learning difficulties among pupils in the first three grades of primary school in the Gharyan municipality. The study sought to investigate the factors contributing to these difficulties, including student-related, teacher-related, curriculum-related, family-related, and environment-related obstacles. To achieve these objectives, the researchers employed a descriptive-analytical methodology. The study was conducted on a sample of 94 teachers from schools within the Gharyan educational offices. A specialized questionnaire consisting of 52 items distributed across five key domains was developed and validated. Statistical analysis using SPSS revealed that the overall level of mathematics learning difficulties was moderate, with a mean of 2.43 and a standard deviation of 0.32. The findings indicated that student-related obstacles ranked first, primarily driven by a lack of intrinsic motivation, fear of mathematics, and weak reading and writing skills. Family-related obstacles followed, attributed to the belief that success is the sole goal of education and a lack of understanding regarding the educational challenges faced by the child. Environmental obstacles, such as overcrowded classrooms and lack of facilities, and curriculum obstacles, including difficult verbal problems and content density, also significantly impacted learning. Interestingly, teacher-related obstacles ranked last with a low-to-moderate degree (Mean: 2.33), despite issues like non-participation in curriculum development and limited use of modern teaching methods. The study recommended increasing teacher interest in motivating students, developing literacy skills, and organizing workshops to educate parents on supporting their children's mathematical achievement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mathematics Learning Difficulties
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Gharyan Municipality
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Obstacles
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Motivation
  topic: keywords
creator: Nuri Salih Faraj Enfes
creator: Ellafi Abdallah Hamiuda Eltawil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 599
ending page: 613
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.144

Sports competition and its relationship to consolidating national identity values among physical education and sports science students at the University of Tripoli
type: item
description: The current study aimed to reveal the relationship between the dimensions of sports competition (desire to win, perseverance, and goal orientation) and national identity values (affective, cognitive, behavioral, and social) among students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tripoli. The researcher adopted a descriptive correlational approach, utilizing two questionnaires prepared for this purpose: a 15-item sports competition scale and a 16-item national identity scale. The tools were applied to a sample of 49 male and female students selected through a comprehensive survey method. Statistical analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (0.86) between sports competition and national identity values. Results indicated that perseverance and goal orientation dimensions were more closely associated with national identity than the desire to win. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found between genders; male students scored higher in sports competition dimensions (desire to win and goal orientation), while female students showed significantly higher levels in the affective dimension of national identity and perseverance. The study concludes that sports competition serves as a vital tool for fostering loyalty and social cohesion. The researcher recommends developing specialized guidance programs to integrate national values within athletic training curricula to strengthen university students' sense of belonging.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sports Competition
  topic: keywords
subject: National Identity Values
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Education Students
  topic: keywords
subject: University of Tripoli
  topic: keywords
creator: Anesa Abdullaziz Alsager
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-23
publication date: 2026-02-23
starting page: 587
ending page: 598
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.143

The Dialectics of Literature and Society in Shaban Abdel Hakim's Novelistic Achievement: A Descriptive Analytical Study
type: item
description: This research paper investigates the profound relationship between literature and society through an analytical lens applied to the novelistic works of the critic and novelist Shaban Abdel Hakim. The study aims to demonstrate how literature serves as a mirror reflecting social, economic, and political realities while functioning as a tool for ethical reform and aesthetic pleasure. By adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the researcher explores the dialectical bond between the creative text and its surrounding environment, emphasizing that a writer is an influential social actor rather than a mere spectator. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the author’s background, noting his academic contributions in literary criticism and his diverse creative output across novels, short stories, and poetry. The core of the study analyzes several key novels, including "They Killed Dr. Ahmed," "وقتلوا الدكتور أحمد"، "A Rejected Invitation," "دعوة مرفوضة","Crossing to the Other Shore," "العبور إلى الشاطئ الآخر "News of the Pasha's Village," "أخبار قرية الباشا and "Killing Zahra""قتل زهرة". These works are examined for their depiction of societal ailments such as nepotism, injustice, corruption, and the erosion of moral values. For instance, the research highlights how Abdel Hakim utilizes techniques like the "dream" and "collage" to contrast harsh realities with human aspirations, while condemning the marginalization of intellectuals and the systemic oppression faced by various social segments. The findings suggest that Abdel Hakim’s narratives maintain a balance between ideological commitment and artistic integrity, ensuring that the social message does not overshadow the aesthetic quality of the prose. Ultimately, the study concludes that authentic literature is an inseparable part of the social fabric, acting as an alarm for societal dangers and a catalyst for potential reform.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Realism
  topic: keywords
subject: Novelistic Achievement
  topic: keywords
subject: Shaban Abdel Hakim
  topic: keywords
subject: Literary Criticism
  topic: keywords
subject: Narrative Dialectics
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Commitment
  topic: keywords
creator: Jibreel Salheen Lameen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-22
publication date: 2026-02-22
starting page: 579
ending page: 586
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.142

Science of Quranic Orthography: Its Origins and a Refutation of Orientalist Misconceptions
type: item
description: The science of Quranic drawing is one of the most significant fields associated with the Holy Book of Allah, representing a monumental historical document authenticated by twelve thousand companions. This research aims to clarify the concept of Quranic drawing and its origins, while highlighting the precision of the methodology used in writing the Mushafs. It specifically addresses the relationship between Arabic script and Uthmanic drawing, tracing the history of Quranic compilation from the era of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq to the reign of Uthman bin Affan. Furthermore, the study adopts an inductive and analytical approach to refute the misconceptions and claims raised by certain orientalists regarding the integrity and history of the Quranic text. The findings emphasize the continuity and divine preservation of the Quranic script as a foundational basis for Arabic orthography.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quranic Drawing
  topic: keywords
subject: Uthmanic Script
  topic: keywords
subject: Quranic Compilation
  topic: keywords
subject: Orientalists
  topic: keywords
subject: Arabic Writing
  topic: keywords
creator: Jumeaa Muhamad Ashtiwi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
starting page: 570
ending page: 578
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.140

The reality of academic advising and its obstacles at the Faculty of Education, University of Benghazi, from the students' perspective in light of some variables
type: item
description: The primary objective of this study is to explore the reality of academic advising and identify the obstacles facing its implementation at the Faculty of Education, University of Benghazi, from the students' perspective. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected from a sample of (418) male and female students from various scientific and literary departments and across different academic levels during the Fall semester of 2025. The researcher utilized a developed questionnaire as a research tool, encompassing axes related to attitudes toward advising, communication with advisors, and obstacles associated with the advisor, the student, schedules, and technical and administrative aspects. The results revealed that students' general attitude toward academic advising was at a medium level, reflecting a state of hesitation or a lack of full conviction regarding the importance of advising in supporting the academic path. Regarding communication, it recorded a medium-to-high level, indicating strengths in terms of trust in the advisor and the time allocated to students. As for the obstacles, they were generally at a medium level; "student-related obstacles" (such as lack of awareness of rules and regulations) topped the list, followed by "academic advisor-related obstacles" (such as heavy workloads), and then technical and administrative issues. Conversely, obstacles related to study plans and schedules were the least influential. Furthermore, the results indicated no statistically significant differences in students' perceptions of the reality and obstacles of advising attributable to gender (male/female) or specialization (scientific/literary). Based on these findings, the study recommended increasing students' awareness of the importance of advising, improving advisors' competencies, and enhancing technical aspects to facilitate communication and the overall advising process.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic Advising
  topic: keywords
subject: Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Faculty of Education
  topic: keywords
subject: University of Benghazi
  topic: keywords
subject: Students' Perspectives
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Guidance
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Mahdi Mohammed Hamad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 540
ending page: 570
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.139

Reflections of Sustainable Development on the Social Structure of Libyan Society
type: item
description: This study investigates the implications of sustainable development on the social structure of Libyan society, emphasizing the integration of economic, environmental, and social dimensions to ensure long-term stability. The research problem stems from the observed decline in economic growth and environmental protection, which has negatively impacted the social fabric through pollution, resource depletion, and deteriorating living conditions. The study aims to identify the components of the Libyan social structure, clarify sustainable development indicators, and determine the initial manifestations of sustainability within the social framework. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the researcher analyzes the phenomenon by collecting and classifying information to reach scientific conclusions. The theoretical framework relies on Structural Functionalism, particularly Talcott Parsons' theory, to interpret how social systems maintain balance and adapt to their environments through specialized institutions like the family, education, and economy. Findings reveal that the Libyan social structure is a complex network of institutions, values, and roles that govern human interaction. Sustainable development serves as a vital tool for restructuring society by promoting social justice, equality, and the rational use of natural resources without compromising future generations' rights. Key indicators include improvements in health services, education quality, housing, and the reduction of poverty and unemployment. The study concludes that achieving sustainability in Libya requires a shift toward renewable energy, green industries, and community participation in decision-making processes. It recommends supporting research centers, enhancing security efforts to combat crime, and improving citizens' living standards to drive the sustainable development process forward.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan Society
  topic: keywords
subject: Structural Functionalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Souad Naji Yousef Al-Zrebi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 528
ending page: 539
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.137

The Relationship Between Electronic Gaming Addiction, Sleep Disorders, and Social Anxiety Among High School Students
type: item
description: This study aimed to explore the complex network of relationships between electronic gaming addiction, sleep disorders, and social anxiety among high school students in Bani Walid, seeking to address a research gap in the Arabic literature that has often examined these variables in isolation rather than collectively. Based on the global recognition of gaming disorder as a clinical condition by the World Health Organization and an awareness of adolescence as a sensitive developmental stage, the research sought to answer a central question regarding the nature of this triadic relationship and the potential for gaming addiction to predict sleep problems and social anxiety. The study employed a descriptive correlational methodology to determine the extent and strength of the relationships between the variables. A stratified random sample of 350 male and female students (185 males, 165 females) was drawn from public high schools. The study used three reliable and valid scales: a scale for electronic gaming addiction developed based on WHO criteria (Cronbach's α = 0.88), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep disorders (reliability = 0.84), and the Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (SASC-R) (reliability = 0.91). Data were collected in the field and analyzed using SPSS statistical software, applying methods such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, simple linear regression analysis, and the t-test. The results revealed high and concerning prevalence rates: 23% of students fell into the "gaming addict" category, 41% suffered from a clinical sleep problem (PSQI score >5), while 35% showed high levels of social anxiety. Regarding relationships, statistical analyses revealed the existence of strong, positive, and statistically significant correlations: the correlation coefficient between gaming addiction and sleep disorders was 0.58, and between gaming addiction and social anxiety was 0.54. A moderate positive correlation (0.49) was also fou…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electronic Gaming Addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: High School Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Predictive Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescent Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Arab Context
  topic: keywords
creator: Aeshah Abdullah Othman Misbah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 514
ending page: 527
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.136

Administrative Compulsory Execution as a Means of Protecting Public Funds
type: item
description: This research investigates the legal framework and practical implications of "Administrative Compulsory Execution" as a specialized mechanism employed by public authorities to protect public funds within the Libyan legislative context. Public funds represent the essential pillar of state activity, requiring robust legal protection to ensure the continuity of public services and national development. The study highlights that administrative compulsory execution is an exceptional power granted to the administration, allowing it to recover its dues and assets directly from individuals or private entities without the prior necessity of obtaining a judicial ruling. This authority is derived from the principles of administrative privilege and the overarching necessity of the public interest, which presumes the legality of administrative decisions. The research meticulously examines the strict legal conditions governing this power in Libya, emphasizing that it must be based on explicit statutory provisions, such as those found in the Labor Relations Law, the Local Administration Law, and the Urban Planning Law. Furthermore, the study explores the critical balance between administrative efficiency and the protection of individual rights. It analyzes the role of the judiciary in overseeing these procedures through the lenses of legality, proportionality, and the right to compensation or stay of execution. The research concludes that while compulsory execution is a vital tool for combating financial corruption and ensuring fiscal stability, it must remain subject to rigorous judicial and administrative oversight to prevent any potential abuse of power. The study recommends unifying relevant legislation and modernizing recovery systems to enhance transparency and speed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Compulsory Execution
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Funds
  topic: keywords
subject: Administrative Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Libyan Legislation
  topic: keywords
subject: Judicial Oversight
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Interest
  topic: keywords
creator: Wafa Abdallah Sassi Issa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
starting page: 504
ending page: 513
doi: 10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.135