The Russian Role in Reshaping the Security Order in the Middle East and its Impact on Arab Interests

Abstract

The Middle East is undergoing profound transformations that have reshaped the political and security balance of power, amid changes in the international order and the decline of the US role. This has provided Russia with an opportunity to reposition itself and regain the influence it lost at the end of the Cold War. Its military intervention in Syria in 2015 marked a pivotal turning point, through which Moscow reestablished its presence as an active force in the regional balance of power. Russia's strategy is based on a vision aimed at strengthening its position as a superpower, taking advantage of the region's geopolitical importance as an energy hub and a vital corridor for global trade. Moscow relies on political, military, and diplomatic tools, alongside expanding economic cooperation and building flexible alliances, enabling it to consolidate its presence as a key player in future regional security arrangements. This study aims to analyze Russia’s role and assess its implications for Arab interests. The research employed the descriptive-analytical method. The study concludes that Russia’s policy combines political realism with efforts to consolidate influence through multi-level alliances, creating limited opportunities for Arab cooperation while simultaneously increasing the complexity of the regional security landscape. The study recommends formulating a unified and balanced Arab approach toward Moscow that safeguards Arab interests amid Russia’s growing regional influence.