The Foreign Trade Relations of the Regency of Tripoli with the Italian City-States during the Karamanli Era (1711–1835 AD)

Abstract

This study examines the foreign trade relations between the Regency of Tripoli and the Italian city-states during the Karamanli era (1711–1835). The research highlights the strategic importance of Tripoli’s geographical location as a commercial hub connecting sub-Saharan Africa with European markets. It analyzes the diplomatic and legal frameworks, such as trade agreements and concessions, that governed interactions with states like Venice, Livorno, Genoa, Sardinia, and Naples. The findings indicate that salt was a primary export, especially to Venice, alongside livestock, ostrich feathers, and agricultural products. In return, Tripoli imported industrial goods, textiles, and minerals. The study concludes that while the Karamanli rulers maintained tight control over trade through taxation and regulations, these relations fostered continuous economic and cultural exchange despite periods of political tension and naval conflict.