Emirati political and economic motives for normalization with Israel

Abstract

This research paper explores the political and economic motives driving the United Arab Emirates toward normalization with Israel within the framework of the Abraham Accords. The study is structured into three main sections: a historical overview of UAE-Israel relations, an analysis of political and security drivers, and an examination of economic and commercial incentives. Historically, the paper traces the shift from clandestine diplomacy dating back to the 1990s to the formal signing of the Accords in 2020. Politically, the research identifies several key factors: the shared strategic threat posed by Iran’s regional expansion and nuclear ambitions, the pursuit of advanced Israeli cyber-security and surveillance technologies, and a mutual interest in countering political Islam movements. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the transition toward a new regional security architecture, including Israel’s integration into the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM), which facilitates strategic alliances and defense cooperation. Economically, the UAE views normalization as a vital tool for economic diversification and achieving global leadership in climate diplomacy. The paper highlights significant growth in bilateral trade, reaching billions of dollars, and strategic investments in Israel’s energy and technology sectors. However, the study concludes that while official relations have flourished, a lack of popular public support remains a significant internal challenge. Ultimately, the paper confirms that combined political and economic interests have fundamentally reshaped the UAE’s foreign policy toward Israel.